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In time, a complicated web of entrances and routing systems linked a number of them. Numerous US universities were part of the ARPANET (produced in the late 1960s), which focused on software portability in between its systems. In 1971 the first ARPANET network email was sent out, introducing the now-familiar address syntax with the '@' symbol designating the user's system address.

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For a time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it seemed most likely that either a proprietary industrial system or the X. 400 email system, part of the Federal Government Open Systems Affiliation Profile (GOSIP), would predominate. Nevertheless, once the last restrictions on carrying business traffic online ended in 1995, a combination of factors made the present Internet suite of SMTP, POP3 and IMAP email protocols the standard.

The MUA formats the message in email format and uses the submission procedure, a profile of the Easy Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), to send the message material to the local mail submission representative (MSA), in this case The MSA determines the location address offered in the SMTP procedure (not from the message header) in this case, bob@b.

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The part before the @ sign is the regional part of the address, typically the username of the recipient, and the part after the @ sign is a domain name. The MSA deals with a domain name to determine the totally certified domain name of the mail server in the Domain Call System (DNS).

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org (ns. b.org) reacts with any MX records noting the mail exchange servers for that domain, in this case mx. b.org, a message transfer representative (MTA) server run by the recipient's ISP. smtp. a.org sends out the message to mx. b.org using SMTP. This server might require to forward the message to other MTAs prior to the message reaches the last message delivery agent (MDA).

Bob's MUA selects up the message using either the Post Workplace Protocol (POP3) or the Web Message Gain Access To Protocol (IMAP). In IM Hotshot to this example, alternatives and issues exist in the email system: Alice or Bob might use a customer connected to a business e-mail system, such as IBM Lotus Notes or Microsoft Exchange.