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Live vaccines are typically made by attenuating (weakening) the "wild-type" (disease-causing) infection by growing it in the lab in tissues or at temperature levels various from what the infection is accustomed to in the host. Adaptations to these new cells or temperature levels induce mutations in the genomes of the infection, permitting it to grow better in the laboratory while hindering its ability to cause disease when reestablished into conditions discovered in the host.

Back mutations happen when the vaccine undergoes mutations in the host such that it readapts to the host and can again cause illness, which can then be spread to other people in an epidemic. This kind of circumstance happened as recently as 2007 in Nigeria where mutations in a polio vaccine led to an epidemic of polio in that nation.

With influenza, mutations in the surface area particles of the virus help the organism avert the protective resistance that may have been obtained in a previous influenza season, making it necessary for people to get immunized every year. Other infections, such as those that trigger the youth diseases measles, mumps, and rubella, alter so infrequently that the exact same vaccine is utilized every year.

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Vaccines and Anti-Viral Drugs for Treatment Sometimes, vaccines can be used to treat an active viral infection. The idea behind this is that by giving the vaccine, immunity is improved without including more disease-causing infection. In the case of rabies, a deadly neurological illness sent through the saliva of rabies virus-infected animals, the development of the illness from the time of the animal bite to the time it gets in the main anxious system may be 2 weeks or longer.

Hence, the possibly fatal neurological repercussions of the disease are averted, and the person just has to recover from the contaminated bite. acute viral syndrome symptoms is likewise being used for the treatment of Ebola, one of the fastest and most lethal viruses on earth. Sent by bats and primates, this disease can cause death in 7090 percent of infected human beings within 2 weeks.