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In 1889, Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen wrote, "There is still a lot confusion between the words "mood," "tempering," and "solidifying," in the works of even noteworthy authorities, that it is well to keep these old meanings carefully in mind. I shall use the word tempering in the same sense as softening." Terms [modify] In metallurgy, one might encounter many terms that have really specific significances within the field, however might appear rather unclear when viewed from outside.

A few of the terms encountered, and their specific definitions are: Strength: Resistance to permanent contortion and tearing. Strength, in metallurgy, is still a rather vague term, so is usually divided into yield strength (strength beyond which deformation ends up being permanent), tensile strength (the supreme tearing strength), shear strength (resistance to transverse, or cutting forces), and compressive strength (resistance to flexible reducing under a load).

Strength frequently increases as strength decreases, since a product that flexes is less likely to break. Solidity: A surface's resistance to scratching, abrasion, or imprint. In conventional metal alloys, there is a linear relation in between imprint firmness and tensile strength, which relieves the measurement of the latter. Brittleness: Brittleness explains a product's tendency to break prior to flexing or warping either elastically or plastically.

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Plasticity: The ability to mold, bend or deform in a way that does not spontaneously return to its initial shape. This is proportional to the ductility or malleability of the substance. https://blogfreely.net/pikewinter6/the-david-pye-on-tempering-the-monty-ideas : Also called versatility, this is the ability to deform, bend, compress, or stretch and return to the initial shape once the external stress is removed.

Effect resistance: Usually associated with high-strength strength, it is the capability to resist shock-loading with very little deformation. Wear resistance: Normally synonymous with firmness, this is resistance to erosion, ablation, spalling, or galling. Structural stability: The ability to endure a maximum-rated load while withstanding fracture, resisting tiredness, and producing a minimal amount of flexing or deflection, to supply an optimum service life.

Steel can be softened to a very malleable state through annealing, or it can be hardened to a state as tough and fragile as glass by satiating. However, in its solidified state, steel is usually far too fragile, doing not have the fracture durability to be useful for most applications. Tempering is a method used to reduce the hardness, therefore increasing the ductility of the quenched steel, to impart some springiness and malleability to the metal.