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Of all the modes of the major scale there is one type that has an augmented period in it called the lydian mode. In this post, I'm going to enter into whatever you require to understand about the lydian scale but before we do that, let's simply summarize just what are modes? What are modal scales? The modal scales or modes as they're more commonly understood are a series of seven diatonic scales.
Each mode is made by playing all the notes from a major scale but starting on a different degree. For example, if you were to play the notes of F major however starting on G you would be playing G dorian mode. Or if you were to play all the notes of F major but starting on D you would be playing D aeolian mode.
It's named after the region of Lydia next to what was Ancient Greece over 3000 years earlier. It is very similar to the ionian mode (the major scale) but has the 4th note of its scale raised by a semitone (half step) providing it a very intense noise. Here is an F Lydian scale.